National identity development. Reflections on the cases of Uganda and Tanzania

A literature review

Although Ugandans share national symbols such as a flag, coat of arms, national currency and geographical territory - a strong sense of national identity is lacking amongst most Ugandans. Tanzanians, however, seem to be quite the opposite. How can this difference be explained? And has it resulted into any difference regarding inter group relations in both countries? Can the absence of a national identity explain the various ethnic and tribal conflicts in Uganda? Authors Christopher Tumwine provides first insights.